Linux CentOS 7.8安装MySQL5.7

安装MySQL源

# 下载
bash > wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
# 安装 MySQL 源
bash > yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm

检查源是否安装成功

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

页面输出信息表示源安装成功

mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 165
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      115
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 444

使用yum install 命令安装MySQL

bash > yum install -y mysql-community-server

发现安装太慢,去国内镜像站下载对应版本的client和server rpm包

1. 推荐：http://uni.mirrors.163.com/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/

2. cd到目录 /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/

3. 把下载好的rpm文件上传到此目录
   mysql-community-client-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
   mysql-community-server-5.7.34-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4. 再次执行安装命令

bash > yum install -y mysql-community-server

启动MySQL服务

在CentOs7 下 启动/关闭/重启服务的命令是 systemctl start|stop|restart

bash > systemctl start mysqld

用systemctl status 命令查看服务运行状态

bash > systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 二 2020-07-28 21:09:44 CST; 57s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 25677 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 25628 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 25681 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─25681 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

7月 28 21:09:38 iZm5ebq5g3dxxmygidjc5cZ systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
7月 28 21:09:44 iZm5ebq5g3dxxmygidjc5cZ systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

这里可看到MySQL 运行的状态 active (running)

设置开机启动MySQL 服务

bash > systemctl enable mysqld
# 重载所有修改过的配置文件
bash > systemctl daemon-reload

重启ContOs 服务器测试.（没有问题）

查看MySQL默认密码

MySQL 安装完成之后，生成的默认密码在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中。使用 grep 命令找到日志中的密码。

bash > grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

首次通过初始密码登录后，使用以下命令修改密码

bash > mysql -u root -p
#输入密码 
#执行修改密码语句.
bash > ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Vine@yyy1';

添加一个用于远程连接的账号,如Navicat

bash > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'xianglin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Xiang@lin!1996' WITH GRANT OPTION;
#Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) 

添加一个指定访问数据库的账号,如Navicat

bash > GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON test.* TO 'xianglin'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Xiang@lin!1996' WITH GRANT OPTION;
#Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) 

设置默认编码为 utf8mb4

现在查看编码:

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，在相关节点（没有则自行添加）下添加编码配置，如下：

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8mb4
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

或者

[mysqld]
port=3306
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character_set_server=utf8mb4
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1
max_connections=5000
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=8g
join_buffer_size = 64M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
log_timestamps=system
log_slave_updates=on
max_connections=5000
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=256M
binlog_format=row
group_concat_max_len = 102400
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=false
sql_mode = TRADITIONAL
expire_logs_days=3
long_query_time =1
slow_query_log = 1

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

保存之后使用systemctl restart mysqld 查看编码。

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4                    |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

修改密码验证规则

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;

设置简单密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

默认配置文件路径

1. 配置文件：/etc/my.cnf

2. 日志文件：/var/log/mysqld.log

3. 服务启动脚本：/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service

4. socket文件：/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

作者简介

青山淼淼